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Diagnostic Criteria for Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

The diagnosis of transient ischemic attack (TIA) can be notoriously difficult, mainly because it is often solely based on history taking. Patients suspected of a TIA require an urgent assessment with timely start of antithrombotic therapy to reduce the risk of an early ischemic stroke. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)”

Revised Diagnostic Criteria for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)

Restless legs syndrome (RLS), a neurological sensorimotor disease often profoundly disturbing sleep and quality of life has variable expression influenced by genetic, environmental and medical factors. The symptoms vary considerably in frequency from less than once a month or year to daily and severity from mildly annoying to disabling. Symptoms may also remit for various periods of time. Continue reading “Revised Diagnostic Criteria for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)”

Revised Criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common condition in the elderly. It is characterized by deterioration of memory, attention, and cognitive function that is beyond what is expected based on age and educational level. MCI does not interfere significantly with individuals’ daily activities. Continue reading “Revised Criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)”

Diagnostic Criteria for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH)

The combination of raised intracranial pressure, without hydrocephalus or mass lesion, normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition and where no underlying aetiology is found are accepted criteria for the diagnosis of IIH. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH)”

Indications for Intracranial Pressure Monitoring

Monitoring of Intracranial Pressure (ICP) is an invasive technique and has some associated risks. For a favorable risk-to-benefit ratio, ICP monitoring is indicated only in patients with significant risk of intracranial hypertension. Continue reading “Indications for Intracranial Pressure Monitoring”

Updated Diagnostic Criteria for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is highly variable in clinical presentation and findings. Disease manifestations continue to develop over the lifetime of an affected individual. Accurate diagnosis is fundamental to implementation of appropriate medical surveillance and treatment. Continue reading “Updated Diagnostic Criteria for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)”

Diagnostic Criteria for Behavioural Variant Frontotemporal Dementia

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder mainly affecting the frontal and/or temporal lobes, leading to dementia with prominent behavioural and/or language disturbances. Symptom onset is most often between 45 and 65 years. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Behavioural Variant Frontotemporal Dementia”

Criteria for Essential Tremor

Essential tremor is considered to be a tremor syndrome characterized by isolated bilateral upper-limb action tremor with a duration of at least 3 years, with or without tremor in other locations, such as head, larynx (voice tremor), or lower limbs.
Essential tremor frequently manifests with additional mild neurologic signs of diagnostic uncertainty, such as mild ataxia, questionably abnormal posturing of the limbs, or impaired memory. This presentation is classified as “essential tremor plus. Continue reading “Criteria for Essential Tremor”

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