Endocrinology and Metabolism – Page 2

Guidelines for the Treatment of Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism

22 December, 2011 Guillermo Firman

The finding of hypercalcemia on routine biochemical testing or in the evaluation of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis is typically the initial clue to the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. The total serum calcium level, which combines both the free and albumin-bound components of circulating calcium, should be adjusted for the level of albumin. Measurement of ionized calcium may be useful in selected cases, such as in patients with hyperalbuminemia, thrombocytosis, Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, and myeloma; these patients may have elevated levels of total serum calcium, but normal levels of ionized serum calcium (artifactual hypercalcemia).
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Algorithm for Diagnosing Hyperthyroidism

11 December, 2011 Guillermo Firman

Clinical hyperthyroidism, also called thyrotoxicosis, is caused by the effects of excess thyroid hormone and can be triggered by different disorders. Etiologic diagnosis influences prognosis and therapy.
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Criteria for Diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome (CS)

21 July, 2011 Guillermo Firman

The evaluation of patients with suspected Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is complex and expensive, and the diagnosis is often a challenge for clinicians. Most patients initially suspected of having CS will not have this condition, and therefore efficient screening procedures are needed to identify the few patients who will need additional investigation in specialized centers.
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Indications for Therapy and for Neurosurgery in Patients with Prolactinomas

8 April, 2010 Guillermo Firman

In contrast to macroadenomas, for which therapy is routinely indicated, microadenomas do not always require treatment. For patients with microadenomas who do not have these indications, symptoms and prolactin levels can be monitored, and MRI can be used to follow the size of the tumor.
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Clinical Manifestations of Thyroiditis Subtypes

16 March, 2010 Guillermo Firman

Thyroiditis refers to a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the thyroid gland. With the help of historical information, a physical examination and diagnostic tests, physicians can classify the type of thyroiditis and initiate appropriate treatment.
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Diagnostic Criteria for Thyroid Storm

18 September, 2009 Guillermo Firman

Burch and Wartofsky have delineated a point system assessing degrees of dysfunction in various systems (thermoregulatory, central nervous, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular).

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Criteria for Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)

8 March, 2009 Guillermo Firman

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ADH release (SIADH) is a condition defined by the unsuppressed release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland or nonpituitary sources or its continued action on vasopressin receptors. Continue reading “Criteria for Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)”

Diagnostic Criteria for Osteoporosis

3 March, 2009 Guillermo Firman

Osteoporosis is defined as a metabolic bone disease “characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bony tissue leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk.

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Diagnosis of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes

28 February, 2009 Guillermo Firman

The multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are rare autosomal-dominant conditions that predispose affected individuals to benign and malignant tumors of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, endocrine pancreas, paraganglia, or nonendocrine organs.

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ATP III Classification of LDL, Total, HDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides

24 February, 2009 Guillermo Firman

ATP III Classification of LDL, Total, HDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides (mg/dL)

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