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Indications of Dialysis in Renal Failure

Indications of dialysis in acute renal failure (ARF)

  • Severe fluid overload
  • Refractory hypertension
  • Uncontrollable hyperkalemia
  • Nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, gastritis with hemorrhage
  • Lethargy, malaise, somnolence, stupor, coma, delirium, asterixis, tremor, seizures,
  • Pericarditis (risk of hemorrhage or tamponade)
  • bleeding diathesis (epistaxis, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, etc.)
  • Severe metabolic acidosis
  • Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) > 70 – 100 mg/dl Continue reading “Indications of Dialysis in Renal Failure”

Risk Factors for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN)

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is defined as the impairment of renal function and is measured as either a 25% increase in serum creatinine (SCr) from baseline or 0.5 mg/dL (44 umol/L) increase in absolute value, within 48-72 hours of intravenous contrast administration. Continue reading “Risk Factors for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN)”

Clinical Features of Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndrome

Clinical Features of Nephrotic Syndrome

The nephrotic syndrome is a clinical complex characterized by:

  • proteinuria of >3.5 g per 1.73 m2 per 24 h (in practice, >3.0 to 3.5 g per 24 h),
  • hypoalbuminemia,
  • edema,
  • hyperlipidemia,
  • lipiduria, and
  • hypercoagulability.

Continue reading “Clinical Features of Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndrome”

Definition and Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

NKF Definition of Chronic Kidney Disease

  • Kidney damage for three or more months, as defined by structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney, with or without decreased GFR, manifested by pathologic abnormalities or markers of kidney damage, including abnormalities in the composition of the blood or urine or abnormalities in imaging tests

  • GFR < 60 mL per minute per 1.73 m2 for three months or more, with or without kidney damage

Continue reading “Definition and Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)”

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