Primary Insomnia
- Idiopathic insomnia: Insomnia arising in infancy or childhood with a persistent, unremitting course
- Psychophysiologic insomnia: Insomnia due to a maladaptive conditioned response in which the patient learns to associate the bed environment with heightened arousal rather than sleep; onset often associated with an event causing acute insomnia, with the sleep disturbance persisting despite resolution of the precipitating factor
- Paradoxical insomnia (sleep-state misperception): Insomnia characterized by a marked mismatch between the patient’s description of sleep duration and objective polysomnographic findings
Secondary Insomnia
- Adjustment insomnia: Insomnia associated with active psychosocial stressors
- Inadequate sleep hygiene: Insomnia associated with lifestyle habits that impair sleep
- Insomnia due to a psychiatric disorder: Insomnia due to an active psychiatric disorder, such as anxiety or depression
- Insomnia due to a medical condition: Insomnia due to a condition such as the restless leg’s syndrome, chronic pain, nocturnal cough or dyspnea, or hot flashes
- Insomnia due to a drug or substance: Insomnia due to consumption or discontinuation of medication, drugs of abuse, alcohol, or caffeine
References:
- The international classification of sleep disorders, revised: diagnostic and coding manual. Rochester, Minn.: American Sleep Disorders Association, 1997.
- Silber M. Chronic Insomnia. N Engl J Med 2005;353(8):803-810 [Medline]
Created: Aug 30, 2005