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Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

Nasal polyps are benign inflammatory masses, arising from the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses. They are considered to be a subgroup of chronic rhinosinusitis, and clinical diagnosis is made on the basis of the presence of sinonasal symptoms for more than 3 months and the visualization of polyps in the nasal cavity. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps”

Chronic Adaptations to Physical Training (PT)

Long-term responses that develop over a period of time (usually a minimum of 6 weeks) when training is repeated regularly are referred to as chronic adaptations to training. The combined effect of all chronic adaptations is known as the training effect.
Chronic adaptations to training may occur in the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems. The result of these physiological adaptations is an improvement in performance. Continue reading “Chronic Adaptations to Physical Training (PT)”

Classifications of Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Recently developed consensus functional definitions on the basis of specific changes in the serum creatinine concentration and urine volume now complement anatomical approaches to diagnosis.
Continue reading “Classifications of Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease”

Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic HBV Infection

Chronic HBV infection is a necroinflammatory disease of the liver caused by persistent infection with HBV, and can be categorized as hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive or negative. Inactive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers have HBV infection of the liver without significant, ongoing necroinflammatory disease. HBV infection is resolved when there is no further virologic, biochemical, or histologic evidence of active viral infection or disease.
Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic HBV Infection”

Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)

Classic chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is characterized by the occurrence of symmetrical weakness in both proximal and distal muscles that progressively increases for more than two months (setting this condition apart from the Guillain–Barré syndrome, which is self-limited). The condition is associated with impaired sensation, absent or diminished tendon reflexes, an elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein level, demyelinating nerve-conduction studies, and signs of demyelination in nerve-biopsy specimens. The course can be relapsing or chronic and progressive, the former being much more common in young adults.
Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)”

Electrodiagnostic Criteria for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)

These criteria are applied by testing the median, ulnar (stimulated below the elbow), peroneal (stimulated below the fibular head), and tibial nerves on one side of the body. During testing, limb temperature should be no less than 33°C at the palm and no less than 30°C at the external malleolus.

Continue reading “Electrodiagnostic Criteria for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)”

Criteria for Chronic Respiratory Failure in Infants and Children

Criteria for Chronic Respiratory Failure due to Cardiopulmonary Disorders in Infants and Children

Clinical criteria

  • Decreased inspiratory breath sounds
  • Increased retractions, use of accessory muscles
  • Cyanosis breathing room air
  • Decreased level of normal activity/function
  • Poor weight gain (mass) (IMPORTANT)

Continue reading “Criteria for Chronic Respiratory Failure in Infants and Children”

Definition and Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

NKF Definition of Chronic Kidney Disease

  • Kidney damage for three or more months, as defined by structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney, with or without decreased GFR, manifested by pathologic abnormalities or markers of kidney damage, including abnormalities in the composition of the blood or urine or abnormalities in imaging tests

  • GFR < 60 mL per minute per 1.73 m2 for three months or more, with or without kidney damage

Continue reading “Definition and Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)”

Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)

Centers for Disease Control Diagnostic Criteria

Clinically evaluated, unexplained, persistent, or relapsing fatigue that is:

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