Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an important cause of stroke in young adults (mean age 33 years with a two-thirds female preponderance) caused by complete or partial occlusion of the cerebral major cerebral venous sinuses (cerebral venous sinus thrombosis) or the smaller feeding cortical veins (cortical vein thrombosis). Continue reading “Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT) and Location of Probable Lesion”
The pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) may be primary (idiopathic intracranial hypertension) or arise from an identifiable secondary cause. Characterization of typical neuroimaging abnormalities, clarification of normal opening pressure in children, and features distinguishing the syndrome of intracranial hypertension without papilledema from intracranial hypertension with papilledema have furthered our understanding of this disorder.
Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome (PTCS)”
Arteriovenous malformations of the brain are congenital anomalies of the blood vessels that are derived from maldevelopment of the capillary network, allowing direct connections between cerebral arteries and veins. The most common presenting symptoms are cerebral hemorrhage and seizures. Focal neurologic deficits and headaches may develop independent of cerebral bleeding. As a result of the widespread use of brain imaging, arteriovenous malformations are increasingly being discovered incidentally.
Continue reading “Spetzler–Martin Grading Scale for Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain”
Stereotactic radiosurgery is an appropriate form of therapy for patients who have one to four brain metastases, no larger than 4 cm in diameter, from metastatic cancer. It appears to be effective for all types of primary tumors, even those that have been considered to be resistant to conventional radiation therapy.
Continue reading “Advantages of Surgery and Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases”
Physicians, health care workers, members of the clergy, and laypeople throughout the world have accepted fully that a person is dead when his or her brain is dead. Continue reading “Criteria for Brain Death in Adults and Children”
The imaging characteristics of blood on MRI can be variable:
Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria of Hemorrhage in MRI of the Brain”
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