{"id":2309,"date":"2017-09-20T12:46:34","date_gmt":"2017-09-20T12:46:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/neursmg\/"},"modified":"2026-03-12T19:53:06","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T19:53:06","slug":"neursmg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/neursmg\/","title":{"rendered":"Spetzler\u2013Martin Grading Scale for Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"99c380e4b4a7b96c35d7ddf7dcb434e8\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px 0 0px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- MC 2019- Horizontal -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0127150553352455\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3806776041\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Arteriovenous malformations of the brain are congenital\u00a0anomalies of the blood vessels that are derived from maldevelopment of the\u00a0capillary network, allowing direct connections between cerebral arteries\u00a0and veins.\u00a0The most common presenting symptoms are cerebral hemorrhage and\u00a0seizures. Focal neurologic deficits and headaches may develop independent of\u00a0cerebral bleeding.\u00a0As a result of the widespread use of brain imaging, arteriovenous\u00a0malformations are increasingly being discovered incidentally.<br \/>\n<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Specific anatomical features of arteriovenous\u00a0malformations form the basis of several commonly\u00a0used grading scales that have been validated\u00a0as predictive of the treatment outcome.\u00a0The most widely used scale for this purpose, the\u00a0Spetzler\u2013Martin grading scale.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Spetzler\u2013Martin Grading Scale for Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<strong>Lesion Characteristic<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Points\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0Size<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Small (&lt;3 cm)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Medium (3\u20136 cm)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Large (&gt;6 cm)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a03<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0Location<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Noneloquent<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Eloquent<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0Veins<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Superficial<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Deep<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The scale is used to make decisions about treatment\u00a0risks while taking into account the anatomical characteristics\u00a0of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation. The grade\u00a0is the sum of points assigned to the size of the lesion,\u00a0the location (in or not in the eloquent cortex), and the\u00a0presence or absence of deep venous drainage.\u00a0Lower\u00a0grades (lower total points) indicate lower risk of\u00a0treatment.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<li>Solomon RA, Connolly ES Jr. Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain. N Engl J Med. 2017 May 11;376(19):1859-1866.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28489992\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[Medline]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pollock BE, Storlie CB, Link MJ, Stafford SL, Garces YI, Foote RL. Comparative analysis of arteriovenous malformation grading scales in predicting outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery.\u00a0J Neurosurg. 2017 Mar;126(3):852-858.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27058199\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[Medline]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Maroufi SF, Habibi MA, Mirjani MS, Molla A, Pabarja N, Mehmandoost M, Sheehan JP, Iranmehr A. Repeat single-session stereotactic radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev. 2024 May 4;47(1):203. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38702494\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[Medline]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Created Sep 20, 2017.<br \/>\nUp-date Mar 12, 2026.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sorry, this entry is only available in Espa\u00f1ol.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"no","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[624,623,622,248,452,227,621,620,619,618,457,625],"class_list":["post-2309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-neurology","tag-arteriovenosas","tag-arteriovenous","tag-brain","tag-cerebral","tag-escala","tag-grading","tag-graduacion","tag-malformaciones","tag-malformations","tag-martin","tag-scale","tag-spetzler"],"modified_by":"Guillermo Firman","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2309"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10699,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2309\/revisions\/10699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}