{"id":2408,"date":"2011-11-21T19:36:21","date_gmt":"2011-11-21T19:36:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/gashep\/"},"modified":"2025-05-13T20:28:29","modified_gmt":"2025-05-13T20:28:29","slug":"gashep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/gashep\/","title":{"rendered":"Serologic Testing for the Diagnosis of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"99c380e4b4a7b96c35d7ddf7dcb434e8\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px 0 0px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- MC 2019- Horizontal -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0127150553352455\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3806776041\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>The antigens and antibodies associated with HBV infection include HBsAg (Australia antigen) and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and antibody to HBcAg (anti-HBc), and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe). At least one serologic marker is present during the different phases of HBV infection.<br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n<strong>Serologic markers for the different phases of acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>HBsAg <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> HBeAg<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> IgM anti-HBc<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> IgG anti-HBc<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> Anti- HBs<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> Anti- HBe<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> HBV DNA <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> Interpretation<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\">\n<p align=\"center\">Acute HBV infection<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+++<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">Early phase<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">Window phase<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\u00b1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">Recovery phase<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\">\n<p align=\"center\">Chronic HBV infection<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+++<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">Replicative phase<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\u00b1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">Low, nonreplicative phase<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\u00b1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">Flare of chronic HBV<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">+<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">++<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\">Precore\/core promoter mutants<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Interpretation of the Hepatitis B Panel<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Interpretation <\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong> HBsAg<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong> anti-HBc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong> anti-HBs<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong> IgM anti-HBc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Susceptible<\/td>\n<td>negative<\/td>\n<td>negative<\/td>\n<td>negative<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Immune due to natural infection<\/td>\n<td>negative<\/td>\n<td>positive<\/td>\n<td>positive<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Immune due to hepatitis B vaccination<\/td>\n<td>negative<\/td>\n<td>negative<\/td>\n<td>positive<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Acutely infected<\/td>\n<td>positive<\/td>\n<td>positive<\/td>\n<td>negative<\/td>\n<td>positive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chronically infected<\/td>\n<td>positive<\/td>\n<td>positive<\/td>\n<td>negative<\/td>\n<td>negative<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Interpretation unclear; four possibilities:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Resolved infection (most common)<\/li>\n<li>False-positive anti-HBc, thus susceptible<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Low level&#8221; chronic infection<\/li>\n<li>Resolving acute infection<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<td>negative<\/td>\n<td>positive<\/td>\n<td>negative<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6702\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6702\" style=\"width: 917px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/hepatitisB.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6702 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/hepatitisB.jpg\" alt=\"Serologic markers for the different phases of acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection\" width=\"917\" height=\"648\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/hepatitisB.jpg 917w, https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/hepatitisB-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/hepatitisB-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/hepatitisB-425x300.jpg 425w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 917px) 100vw, 917px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6702\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Serologic markers for the different phases of acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Lled\u00f3 JL, Fern\u00e1ndez C, Guti\u00e9rrez ML, Oca\u00f1a S. Management of occult hepatitis B virus infection: an update for the clinician. World J Gastroenterol. 2011 Mar 28;17(12):1563-8. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21472122\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[Medline]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Kao JH. Diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection through serological and virological markers. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Aug;2(4):553-62. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19072403\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[Medline]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Fagan EA, Williams R. Serological responses to HBV infection. Gut. 1986 Jul;27(7):858-67. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2426162\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[Medline]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mast EE, Margolis HS, Fiore AE, Brink EW, Goldstein ST, Wang SA, Moyer LA, Bell BP, Alter MJ; Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) part 1: immunization of infants, children, and adolescents.MMWR Recomm Rep. 2005 Dec 23;54(RR-16):1-31. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16371945\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">[Medline]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Created: Nov 21, 2011.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sorry, this entry is only available in Espa\u00f1ol.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[1151,123,13,1150,1144,266,267,677,1143,1149,269,716],"class_list":["post-2408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gastroenterology","tag-b","tag-diagnosis","tag-diagnostico","tag-hbv","tag-hepatitis","tag-infeccion","tag-infection","tag-pruebas","tag-serologic","tag-serologica","tag-testing","tag-virus"],"modified_by":"Guillermo Firman","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2408","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2408"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2408\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8780,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2408\/revisions\/8780"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2408"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2408"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}