{"id":5847,"date":"2019-12-12T23:01:19","date_gmt":"2019-12-12T23:01:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/?p=5847"},"modified":"2026-01-13T20:51:02","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T20:51:02","slug":"gastrointestinal-bleeding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/gastrointestinal-bleeding\/","title":{"rendered":"Classification of Ulcer-Related Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"99c380e4b4a7b96c35d7ddf7dcb434e8\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px 0 0px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- MC 2019- Horizontal -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0127150553352455\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3806776041\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>The Forrest classification is a widely used classification of ulcer-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It was initially developed to unify the description of ulcer bleeding for better communication amongst endoscopists. However, the Forrest Classification is now used as a tool to identify patients who are at an increased risk for bleeding, rebleeding and mortality.<!--more--><strong>Forrest Classification<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"\\&quot;2\\&quot;\"><strong>Acute haemorrhage<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Forrest Ia<\/td>\n<td>Active spurter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Forrest Ib<\/td>\n<td>Active oozing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"\\&quot;2\\&quot;\"><strong>Signs of recent haemorrhage<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Forrest IIa<\/td>\n<td>Non-bleeding visible vessel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Forrest IIb<\/td>\n<td>Adherent clot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Forrest IIc<\/td>\n<td>Flat pigmented haematin on ulcer base<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"\\&quot;2\\&quot;\"><strong>Lesions without active bleeding<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Forrest III<\/td>\n<td>Clean-based ulcer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kim DS, Jung Y, Rhee HS, Lee SJ, Jo YG, Kim JH, Park JM, Chung IK, Cho YS, Lee TH, Park SH, Kim SJ. Usefulness of the Forrest Classification to Predict Artificial Ulcer Rebleeding during Second-Look Endoscopy after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection. Clin Endosc. 2016 May;49(3):273-81. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26942581\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\\&quot;noopener noopener noreferrer\">[Medline]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Nelms DW, Pelaez CA. The Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed.\u00c2 Surg Clin North Am. 2018 Oct;98(5):1047-1057. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30243446\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\\&quot;noopener noopener noreferrer\">[Medline]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hatta W, Ogata Y, Chiba T, Tanno N, Kawabe M, Kayada K, Hatayama Y, Saito M, Imatani A, Koike T, Masamune A. Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: advances and future directions in management. Clin Endosc. 2025 Dec 17. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/41409024\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[Medline]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Created Dec, 04, 2019<br \/>\nUp-date Jan 13, 2026.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sorry, this entry is only available in Espa\u00f1ol.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"no","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[1197,2094,166,167,2095,1196,1195,2096,1563,368,1789,1198],"class_list":["post-5847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gastroenterology","tag-alta","tag-bleeding","tag-clasificacion","tag-classification","tag-forrest","tag-gastrointestinal","tag-hemorragia","tag-relacionado","tag-related","tag-ulcer","tag-ulceras","tag-upper"],"modified_by":"Guillermo Firman","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5847","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5847"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5847\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10590,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5847\/revisions\/10590"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5847"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5847"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5847"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}