{"id":9576,"date":"2021-12-30T20:50:59","date_gmt":"2021-12-30T20:50:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/?p=9576"},"modified":"2025-12-30T20:26:39","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T20:26:39","slug":"seizures-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/seizures-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Common Types of Seizures in Adolescents and Adults"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"99c380e4b4a7b96c35d7ddf7dcb434e8\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:0px 0 0px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- MC 2019- Horizontal -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0127150553352455\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3806776041\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>The clinical diagnosis of an epileptic seizure requires a detailed history taking and, ideally, an eyewitness account of the seizure. Evaluation with 12-lead electrocardiography is essential in a patient who has had a first seizure or an unexplained blackout spell.<br \/>\nPatients who have had an epileptic seizure should be informed about factors that may provoke seizures (e.g., sleep deprivation and alcohol use), the risk of a seizure occurring while driving or engaging in solitary activities, and the risks of harm from further seizures.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>Common Types of Seizures in Adolescents and Adults<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 672px;\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 18.254%; height: 24px;\"><strong>Seizure Type<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.746%; height: 24px;\"><strong>Description and Common Examples<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 72px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 18.254%; height: 72px;\">Generalized onset<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.746%; height: 72px;\">The patient\u2019s symptoms or description of the seizure by a witness do not indicate an anatomical localization of the seizure. It is thought to start within\u00a0and rapidly engage bilaterally distributed cerebral networks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 96px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 18.254%; height: 96px;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Motor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.746%; height: 96px;\">Myoclonic seizures manifest as involuntary \u201cjumps\u201d of the arms, legs, or\u00a0head, especially shortly after waking and with sleep deprivation; generalized tonic\u2013clonic seizures typically occur without warning, although they\u00a0may follow myoclonic or absence seizures and are most likely to occur\u00a0within 1 hr after waking and with sleep deprivation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 120px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 18.254%; height: 120px;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Nonmotor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.746%; height: 120px;\">Typical absences manifest as a brief loss of awareness, with an abrupt onset\u00a0and offset, provoked by hyperventilation, often with eyelid flickering, and\u00a0ictal 3-Hz generalized spike-and-wave activity on EEG; atypical absences\u00a0have a less abrupt onset and offset, with an atypical, generalized spike-and-wave activity on EEG that is slower (&lt;2.5 Hz) than that in typical\u00a0seizures.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 192px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 18.254%; height: 192px;\">Focal onset<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.746%; height: 192px;\">Most new-onset seizures in adults, including tonic\u2013clonic seizures, are of\u00a0focal onset. There is clinical evidence of seizure onset localized to one\u00a0part of the brain, regardless of whether it subsequently involves the remainder of the brain. The site of onset determines the features: temporal\u00a0lobe (epigastric \u201crising\u201d sensation, d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu, and smell or taste), frontal\u00a0lobe (features are often sleep-related, with adversive head turn, arm and\u00a0leg jerking, and speech arrest), occipital lobe (elementary visual hallucinations in the contralateral visual field), parietal lobe (lateralized sensory\u00a0symptoms, including pain), or insular cortex (laryngeal constriction, dyspnea, and contralateral somatosensory symptoms).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 72px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 18.254%; height: 72px;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Awareness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.746%; height: 72px;\">In focal-onset aware (formerly called simple partial) seizures, awareness of\u00a0the self or environment is retained; in focal-onset impaired awareness\u00a0(formerly called complex partial) seizures, awareness of the self or environment is impaired.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 72px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 18.254%; height: 72px;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Motor features<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.746%; height: 72px;\">Motor seizures include automatisms (e.g., lip smacking and picking at\u00a0clothes) and atonic, tonic, clonic, and myoclonic features; nonmotor\u00a0seizures include autonomic, behavior arrest, cognitive, emotional, and\u00a0sensory features.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 18.254%; height: 24px;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Secondary generalization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.746%; height: 24px;\">In focal to bilateral tonic\u2013clonic (formerly called secondarily generalized) seizures, the focal seizure develops into a tonic\u2013clonic seizure. Such seizures\u00a0often first occur during sleep.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 18.254%; height: 24px;\">Unknown onset<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81.746%; height: 24px;\">The origin of a seizure is often uncertain, especially after only one seizure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Smith PEM. Initial Management of Seizure in Adults. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jul 15;385(3):251-263. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34260837\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[Medline]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Gesche J, Hjalgrim H, Rubboli G, Beier CP. Patterns and prognostic markers for treatment response in generalized epilepsies. Neurology. 2020 Nov 3;95(18):e2519-e2528. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32817177\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[Medline]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Created Dec 28, 2021.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sorry, this entry is only available in Espa\u00f1ol.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"no","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[1937,1938,657,656,296,2435,2456,2439,2457,2454],"class_list":["post-9576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-neurology","tag-adolescentes","tag-adolescents","tag-adultos","tag-adults","tag-common","tag-convulsiones","tag-principales","tag-seizures","tag-tipos","tag-types"],"modified_by":"Guillermo Firman","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9576"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9589,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9576\/revisions\/9589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicalcriteria.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}