Each insulin preparation has a different pharmacokinetic profile, i.e., onset, peak effect, and duration.
|
Time of Action |
|||
| Preparation | Onset, h | Peak, h | Effective Duration, h |
| Short-acting, subcutaneous | |||
| Lispro | <0.25 | 0.5–1.5 | 3–4 |
| Aspart | <0.25 | 0.5–1.5 | 3–4 |
| Glulisine | <0.25 | 0.5–1.5 | 3–4 |
| Regular | 0.5–1.0 | 2–3 | 4–6 |
| Short-acting, inhaled | |||
| Inhaled regular insulin | <0.25 | 0.5–1.5 | 4–6 |
| Long-acting | |||
| NPH | 1–4 | 6–10 | 10–16 |
| Detemir | 1–4 | —a | 12–20 |
| Glargine | 1–4 | —a | 24 |
| Degludec | 1–4 | — | >40 |
| Insulin Combinations | |||
| 75/25–75% protamine lispro, 25% lispro | <0.25 | 1.5 hb | Up to 10–16 |
| 70/30–70% protamine aspart, 30% aspart | <0.25 | 1.5 hb | Up to 10–16 |
| 50/50–50% protamine lispro, 50% lispro | <0.25 | 1.5 hb | Up to 10–16 |
| 70/30–70% NPH, 30% regular insulin | 0.5–1 | Dual | 10–16 |
| 50/50–50% NPH, 50% regular insulin | 0.5–1 | Dual | 10–16 |
aGlargine has minimal peak activity; detemir has some peak activity at 6–14 h.
bDual: two peaks; one at 2–3 h; the second several hours later.
References:
- Hirsch IB. Insulin analogues. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 13;352(2):174-83. [Medline]
- DeWitt DE, Hirsch IB. Outpatient insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: scientific review. JAMA. 2003 May 7;289(17):2254-64. [Medline]
- Jonassen I, Havelund S, Ribel U, et al. Insulin degludec is a new generation ultra-long acting basal insulin with a unique mechanism of protraction based on multi-hexamer formation. Diabetes. 2010;59(Suppl 1):A11.
Created: Dic 31, 2008
