Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare and life-threatening autoimmune bullous disease that classically occurs in the setting of an underlying neoplasm. PNP is also known as paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (PAMS) because of its varied mucocutaneous and systemic deleterious effects. Due to the variable disease characteristics and lack of formally accepted diagnostic criteria, PNP remains a diagnostic challenge for clinicians.
Dermatology
Diagnostic Criteria of Ulcerative Pyoderma Gangrenosum (PG)
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a reactive non-infectious inflammatory dermatosis falling under the spectrum of the neutrophilic dermatoses, which includes Sweet’s syndrome and Behcet’s syndrome.
Management of Acne Vulgaris
Acne is a primary inflammatory disorder involving the pilosebaceous unit. The pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving four key factors with interrelated mechanisms: increased sebum production, hyperkeratinization of the follicular infundibulum, inflammation, and Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes).
Diagnostic Criteria in Sézary’s Syndrome (SS)
Sézary Syndrome corresponds to 3% of all cutaneous lymphomas, and it is characterized by a triad of manifestations: erythrodermia with pruritus, limphonodomegalia and atypical circulating lymphocytes (referred to as Sézary or Lutzner cells). Associated clinical manifestations include lagophthalmos, alopecia, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and onycodystrophy. Erythrodermia may be the progression of previous patches and plaques, developing from idiopathic erythrodermia or emerging de novo.
Diagnostic Criteria for Alopecia Areata
Alopecia areata is manifested as the loss of hair in well-circumscribed patches of normal-appearing skin, most commonly on the scalp and in the region of the beard. The onset is typically rapid, and the disease can progress to the point where all the hair is lost on the scalp (alopecia areata totalis) or even on the whole body (alopecia areata universalis).
Diagnosis and Indications for Treatment of Molluscum Contagiosum
Molluscum contagiosum is generally a benign disease consisting of pearly, flesh-colored, umbilicated skin lesions 2 to 5 mm in diameter with a characteristic dimple at the center.
Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis (AD)
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an eczematous, highly pruritic chronic inflammatory skin disease. It usually begins early in life and often occurs in people with a personal or family history of asthma and allergic rhinitis.