The accurate measurement of blood pressure (BP) is essential for the diagnosis and management of hypertension. Regardless of who is measuring BP or the method used (eg, auscultatory or oscillometric), the accuracy of the BP readings relies on standardized techniques and appropriate observer training.
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Indications for Intracranial Pressure Monitoring
Monitoring of Intracranial Pressure (ICP) is an invasive technique and has some associated risks. For a favorable risk-to-benefit ratio, ICP monitoring is indicated only in patients with significant risk of intracranial hypertension.
Definitions and Classification of Office Blood Pressure Levels (2013 ESH/ESC)
The recommended classification is unchanged from the 2003 and 2007 ESH/ESC guidelines. Hypertension is defined as values >/=140 mmHg systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or >/=90 mmHg diastolic blood pressure (DBP), based on the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that in patients with these blood pressure (BP) values treatment-induced BP reductions are beneficial.
Recommendations for the Use of Ambulatory Blood-Pressure Monitoring
In addition to the prediction of cardiovascular risk, ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring, when used in conjunction with clinic blood-pressure assessments, is of potential value in a variety of other clinical conditions. Some of these conditions are:
JNC-VII Classification and management of blood pressure for adults
The classification is based on the average of two or more properly measured, seated blood pressure readings on each of two or more office visits.
British Hypertension Society Classification of Blood Pressure Levels (BHS-IV)
This classification equates with that of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and that of World Health Organization/ International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH), and is based on clinic blood pressure values. If systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure fall into different categories, the higher value should be taken for classification.