Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious and potentially devastating complication that can occur after joint replacement surgery, such as hip or knee replacement. It refers to the presence of an infection in or around the artificial joint (prosthesis) that has been implanted during the surgical procedure.
Orthopedic
Kocher Criteria for Septic Arthritis
Kocher identified four predictive factors that can aid in differentiating septic arthritis of the hip from transient synovitis. Fever >38.5 C, inability to bear weight, serum white blood cell count (WBC) >12,000/mm3, and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ≥40 mm/h were found to be associated with septic arthritis of the hip. The presence of all four factors was 99.6% predictive of septic hip.
Diagnostic Criteria for Fracture-Related Infection (FRI)
Fracture-related infection (FRI) is a severe complication following bone injury and can pose a diagnostic challenge. There is a spectrum of clinical presentations of FRI and differentiating them from noninfected causes can be difficult. In the early postoperative period, classical clinical symptoms of infection, such as pain, redness, warmth, or swelling, overlap with features of normal fracture healing. Later, more subtle clinical presentations such as fracture nonunion or persistent pain can be attributable to both infective and noninfective conditions. The complexity and variety of FRI may have hindered the establishment of uniform diagnostic criteria.
ACR Revised Criteria for Early Diagnosis of Knee Osteoarthritis (OA)
Osteoarthritis (OA) is cartilage failure resulting in joint pain and loss of joint functions. Knee OA is the OA of knee that mechanical forces have major effect on initiation and progression of it. Knee OA is the most common disease of knee especially in the middle to old ages. The most common findings in the history and physical examination of the patients with knee OA are mechanical knee pain, gelling knee pain, crepitus on knee motion, bony tenderness and bony enlargement in the joint line. During the flare up of Osteoarthritis, knee can show swelling due to joint effusion called “Hydrarthrosis” that is a mechanical type of synovial fluid.
Indications for Arthroscopic Examination in the Knee
Indications for arthroscopic examination in the knee include the following: