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Common Types of Seizures in Adolescents and Adults

The clinical diagnosis of an epileptic seizure requires a detailed history taking and, ideally, an eyewitness account of the seizure. Evaluation with 12-lead electrocardiography is essential in a patient who has had a first seizure or an unexplained blackout spell.
Patients who have had an epileptic seizure should be informed about factors that may provoke seizures (e.g., sleep deprivation and alcohol use), the risk of a seizure occurring while driving or engaging in solitary activities, and the risks of harm from further seizures. Continue reading “Common Types of Seizures in Adolescents and Adults”

New Diagnostic Criteria for Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID)

Common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVIDs) are the most frequent symptomatic primary immune deficiency condition in adults. The genetic basis for the condition is not known and no single clinical feature or laboratory test can establish the diagnosis; it has been a diagnosis of exclusion. In areas of uncertainty, diagnostic criteria can provide valuable clinical information. Continue reading “New Diagnostic Criteria for Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID)”

Diagnostic Criteria for Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVI)

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a rare immune deficiency characterized by low levels of serum IgG, IgA, and/or IgM, with a loss of Ab production. The diagnosis is most commonly made in adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years, but both children and much older adults can be found to have this immune defect.  Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVI)”

Common Diagnostic Criteria for Left and Right Atrial Abnormalities

Left Atrial Abnormality

  • Prolonged P wave duration of >120 msec in lead II
  • Prominent notching of the P wave, usually most obvious in lead II, with an interval between the notches of >40 msec (p mitrale)
  • Ratio between the duration of the P wave in lead II and the duration of the PR segment of >1.6
  • Increased duration and depth of the terminal negative portion of the P wave in lead V1 (the P terminal force) so that the area subtended by it exceeds 0.04 mm-sec (Morris index)
  • Leftward shift of the mean P wave axis to between -30 and +45 degrees Continue reading “Common Diagnostic Criteria for Left and Right Atrial Abnormalities”
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