The criteria for withdrawal delirium, are delirium (a rapid-onset fluctuating disturbance of attention and cognition, sometimes with hallucinations) plus alcohol withdrawal.
Continue reading “DSM-5 Criteria for Withdrawal Delirium (Delirium Tremens)”
Germ cell tumours of the testis are the commonest malignancy in men aged 20-40 years. Considerable therapeutic improvements in management—based on the cancer’s responsiveness to chemotherapy that contains platinum—mean that over 95% of these patients can now expect to be cured.
Continue reading “Staging and Risk Stratification of Germ-Cell Tumors”
Sézary Syndrome corresponds to 3% of all cutaneous lymphomas, and it is characterized by a triad of manifestations: erythrodermia with pruritus, limphonodomegalia and atypical circulating lymphocytes (referred to as Sézary or Lutzner cells). Associated clinical manifestations include lagophthalmos, alopecia, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and onycodystrophy. Erythrodermia may be the progression of previous patches and plaques, developing from idiopathic erythrodermia or emerging de novo.
Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria in Sézary’s Syndrome (SS)”
The updated American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol (GTBC) has been long-awaited since the latest update of the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines in 2004. The updated GTBC recommends a significant paradigm shift in lipid-loweringdrug therapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk reduction, which has led to questions regarding their content and their implementation.
Continue reading “Summary of the ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce ASCVD”
The thalassemias are a group of inherited hematologic disorders caused by defects in the synthesis of one or more of the hemoglobin chains. Alpha thalassemia is caused by reduced or absent synthesis of alpha globin chains, and beta thalassemia is caused by reduced or absent synthesis of beta globin chains. Imbalances of globin chains cause hemolysis and impair erythropoiesis.
Continue reading “Features of the Thalassemias”
Positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) complement each other’s strengths in integrated PET/CT. Most PET/CT studies in oncology are performed with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). FDG is a glucose analogue that is taken up and trapped within viable cells. An increased glycolytic activity is a characteristic in many types of cancers resulting in avid accumulation of FDG. These tumours excel as “hot spots” in FDG-PET/CT imaging. FDG-PET/CT proved to be of high diagnostic value in staging and restaging of different malignant diseases, such as colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, malignant lymphomas, and many more.
Continue reading “PET-CT indications”
The diagnostic criteria for major depression in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), require the presence of either sadness or anhedonia with a total of five or more symptoms over a 2-week period.
Continue reading “DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder”
A vegetative state is absence of responsiveness and awareness due to overwhelming dysfunction of the cerebral hemispheres, with sufficient sparing of the diencephalon and brain stem to preserve autonomic and motor reflexes and sleep-wake cycles.
Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Vegetative State (VS)”
Fat embolism syndrome, a condition characterized by hypoxia, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, and mental status change.
Continue reading “Criteria for Diagnostic of Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES)”
Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition resulting from increased CNS serotonergic activity that is usually drug related. Symptoms may include mental status changes, hyperthermia, and autonomic and neuromuscular hyperactivity.
Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Serotonin Syndrome (SS)”
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