Plasma cell neoplasms including multiple myeloma (MM) and related terminally differentiated B-cell neoplasms are characterized by secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulin and stepwise development from a preneoplastic clonal B and/or plasma cell proliferation called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Diagnosis of these disorders requires integration of clinical, laboratory, and morphological features.
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Diagnostic Criteria for Plasma Cell Myeloma (PCM)
The definition of plasma cell myeloma (PCM) has rested on identifying clinical and laboratory features that predict when a sufficient burden of plasma cells has accumulated that the patient will benefit from treatment.
Staging and Risk Stratification of Germ-Cell Tumors
Germ cell tumours of the testis are the commonest malignancy in men aged 20-40 years. Considerable therapeutic improvements in management—based on the cancer’s responsiveness to chemotherapy that contains platinum—mean that over 95% of these patients can now expect to be cured.
Revised Criteria for the Classification of Giant-Cell Arteritis (GCA)
Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis of the medium and large sized vessels with a tendency to involve extracranial branches of the carotid arteries.