Classic chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is characterized by the occurrence of symmetrical weakness in both proximal and distal muscles that progressively increases for more than two months (setting this condition apart from the Guillain–Barré syndrome, which is self-limited). The condition is associated with impaired sensation, absent or diminished tendon reflexes, an elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein level, demyelinating nerve-conduction studies, and signs of demyelination in nerve-biopsy specimens. The course can be relapsing or chronic and progressive, the former being much more common in young adults.
Diagnostic
Diagnostic Criteria for Cardiac Hepatopathy
Cardiac hepatopathy, hepatic injury caused by cardiac dysfunction, is a common entity but has been characterized incompletely, particularly the relationship between hemodynamics and histology.
Diagnostic Criteria for Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)
The Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) or Landry-Guillain-Barre-Strohl syndrome, also known as post-infectious polyneuropathy or acute idiopathic polyneuritis, is an acute acquired, frequently severe, monophasic autoimmune illness of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). GBS manifests itself with the clinical picture characterised by gait disturbance, pain, weakness, rapidly ascending symmetric flaccid muscle paralysis, areflexia with distal predominance (involving lower motor neuron), sensory disturbance, variable autonomic involvement, and increased cerebrospinal fluid protein without pleocytosis.
Diagnostic Criteria for Tourette’s Syndrome
Tourette’s syndrome (sometimes called Tourette’s disorder) is a childhood-onset condition characterized by motor and vocal tics that are chronic (duration of >1 year).
ICSD Diagnostic Criteria for Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a disorder of impaired expression of wakefulness and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. This manifests as excessive daytime sleepiness and expression of individual physiological correlates of REM sleep that include cataplexy and sleep paralysis (REM sleep atonia intruding into wakefulness), impaired maintenance of REM sleep atonia (e.g. REM sleep behaviour disorder [RBD]), and dream imagery intruding into wakefulness (e.g. hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations). Excessive sleepiness typically begins in the second or third decade followed by expression of auxiliary symptoms.
Traditional Diagnostic Criteria for Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Hereditary hemochromatosis has been traditionally defined as an inherited disorder characterized by inappropriately high absorption of dietary iron, which leads to abnormal accumulation of iron in parenchymal organs. In 1996, the HFE gene was isolated on chromosome 6. Since this finding hereditary hemochromatosis has been defined by some as the presence of a homozygous defect in the HFE gene with direct or indirect evidence of iron overload.
Revised Diagnostic Criteria for Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO; Devic syndrome) is a clinically defined, severe CNS demyelinating syndrome characterized by optic neuritis (ON) and acute myelitis; the presence of CNS symptoms outside the optic nerves and spinal cord has until recently excluded the diagnosis.
Diagnostic Criteria for Reiter´s Syndrome or Reactive Arthritides (ReA)
Reactive arthritis (ReA) is an inflammatory arthritis that arises after certain types of gastrointestinal or genitourinary infections. It belongs to the group of arthritidies known as the spondyloarthropathies (SpAs). The classic syndrome is a triad of symptoms, including the urethra, conjunctiva, and synovium; however, the majority of patients do not present with this classic triad. In general, there are two forms of ReA, postvenereal (Chlamydia trachomatis [Ct]) and postdysentery (Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, and Yersinia), but several other bacteria have been implicated as potential causes.
Key Diagnostic Criteria Distinguishing Manic Episode from Hypomanic Episode
Bipolar disorder, a medical illness with substantial morbidity and mortality, is characterized by episodic recurrent mania or hypomania and major depression. The hallmark of bipolar disorder is at least one episode of mania (bipolar I disorder) or hypomania (bipolar II disorder).
Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depression
In major depression, the person’s mood is described as depressed, sad, hopeless, discouraged, or “down in the dumps”.