Criteria for Chronic Respiratory Failure due to Cardiopulmonary Disorders in Infants and Children
Clinical criteria
- Decreased inspiratory breath sounds
- Increased retractions, use of accessory muscles
- Cyanosis breathing room air
- Decreased level of normal activity/function
- Poor weight gain (mass) (IMPORTANT)
Physiological criteria
- PaCO2 > 45 mm Hg
- PaO2 < 65 mm Hg
- Oxygen saturation < 95% breathing room air
Criteria for Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency Due to Central Nervous System, Neuromuscular, and Skeletal Conditions in Infants and Children
Clinical criteria
- Weak cough
- Retained airway secretions
- Increased use of accessory muscles
- Incompetent swallowing
- Weak or absent gag reflex
- Decreased level of normal activity/function (IMPORTANT)
Physiological criteria
- Vital capacity < 15 mL/kg
- Inspiratory force < 20 cm H20
- PaCO2 > 40 mm Hg
- PaO2 < 70 mm Hg
- Oxygen saturation < 97% breathing room air
References:
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Nørregaard O. Noninvasive ventilation in children. Eur Respir J. 2002 Nov;20(5):1332-42. [Medline]
Created: Oct 20, 2008