Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD) is a life-threatening complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) that belongs to a group of diseases increasingly identified as transplant-related, systemic endothelial diseases. In most cases, SOS/VOD resolves within weeks; however, severe SOS/VOD results in multi-organ dysfunction/failure with a mortality rate >80%.
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Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants and Children
This guideline provides global, evidence-informed recommendations on a number of specific issues related to the management of severe acute malnutrition in infants and children,
NYHA and Modified Ross Heart Failure Classification for Children
The Ross Heart Failure Classification was developed to provide a global assessment of heart failure severity in infants, and has subsequently been modified to apply to all pediatric ages. The modified Ross Classification incorporates feeding difficulties, growth problems, and symptoms of exercise intolerance into a numeric score comparable with the NYHA classification for adults.
Classification of Malnutrition in Children
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines malnutrition as the cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy and the body’s demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific functions.
Malnutrition generally implies undernutrition and refers to all deviations from adequate and optimal nutritional status in infants, children and in adults. In children, undernutrition manifests as underweight and stunting (short stature), while severely undernourished children present with the symptoms and signs that characterize conditions known as kwashiorkor, marasmus or marasmic-kwashiorkor.
Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in Adults and Children
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is defined as repeated episodes of obstructive apneas and hypopneas during sleep, frequently followed by transient hemoglobin desaturation (hypoxemia) and unconscious (EEG) arousals.
Criteria for Brain Death in Adults and Children
Physicians, health care workers, members of the clergy, and laypeople throughout the world have accepted fully that a person is dead when his or her brain is dead.
Criteria for Chronic Respiratory Failure in Infants and Children
Criteria for Chronic Respiratory Failure due to Cardiopulmonary Disorders in Infants and Children
Clinical criteria
- Decreased inspiratory breath sounds
- Increased retractions, use of accessory muscles
- Cyanosis breathing room air
- Decreased level of normal activity/function
- Poor weight gain (mass) (IMPORTANT)
ROME II Diagnostic Criteria for Childhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
The diagnosis of a Childhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder always presumes the absence of a structural or biochemical explanation for the symptoms.
G1.Vomiting
G1a. Infant Regurgitation
Causes of Bacteraemia and Meningitis in Young Children
Under 1 month old
- Group B streptococcus
- Escherichia coli (and other enteric Gram negative bacilli)
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Neisseria meningitides
- Salmonella spp