Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular condition predisposing affected patients to stroke in association with progressive stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches.
neurology
Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale for Muscle Strength
The muscle scale grades muscle power on a scale of 0 to 5 in relation to the maximum expected for that muscle.
NIH Diagnostic Criteria for Neurofibromatosis
Neurofibromatosis 1 and neurofibromatosis 2 are autosomal dominant genetic disorders in which affected individuals develop both benign and malignant tumors at an increased frequency.
Criterios Diagnóstico para Vértigo Posicional Paroxístico Benigno
Diagnostic Criteria for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Vertigo associated with a characteristic mixed torsional and vertical nystagmus provoked by the Dix-Hallpike test A latency (typically of 1 to 2 seconds) between the completion of the Dix-Hallpike test and the onset of vertigo and nystagmus Paroxysmal nature of the provoked vertigo and nystagmus (i.e., an increase … Read more
ABCD2 Score for Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
A simple score (ABCD2) to identify individuals at high early risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack.
Causes of Syncope
Cardiac causes
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Structural cardiac or cardiopulmonary disease (aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, left atrial myxoma, aortic dissection, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, obstructive cardiomyopathy)
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Cardiac arrhythmias (tachyarrhythmias, bradyarrhythmias)
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Neurally mediated syncopal syndrome (includes neurocardiogenic or vasovagal syncope, carotid sinus syncope, and situational syncope)
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Orthostatic (or postural) hypotension
Diagnostic Criteria of Infarction in MRI of the Brain in Acute Stroke
Acute: Subtle low signal (hypointense) on T1, often difficult to see at this stage, and high signal (hyperintense) on spin density and/or T2-weighted and proton density-weighted images starting 8 h after onset; should follow vascular distribution. Mass effect maximal at 24 h, sometimes starting 2 h after onset, even in the absence of parenchymal signal changes. No parenchymal enhancement with paramagnetic contrast agent. Territorial intravascular paramagnetic contrast enhancement of “slow-flow” arteries in hyperacute infarcts; at 48 h, parenchymal and meningeal enhancement can be expected.
Diagnostic Criteria of Infarction in CT Imaging of the Brain in Acute Stroke
Computed tomography (CT) is widely used for early evaluation of acute strokes. Most importantly, CT excludes acute hemorrhage or other diseases mimicking ischemia.
Diagnostic Criteria for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)
The diagnostic criteria for tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) were revised at the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference, July 1998.
Definite TSC: Two major features or one major feature plus two minor features
Probable TSC: One major feature plus one minor feature
Possible TSC: One major feature or two or more minor features
McDonald Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
What Is An Attack?
- Neurological disturbance of kind seen in MS
- Subjective report or objective observation
- 24 hours duration, minimum
- Excludes pseudoattacks, single paroxysmal episodes