Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP), is a disorder of the microvasculature that generally affects the fingers and toes but can present on other extremities such as the nose, ears and nipples. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Primary Raynaud’s Phenomenon (RP)”
Primary hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia resulting from the primary absence or deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH) or from the secretion of biologically inactive PTH. Continue reading “Diagnosis of Primary Hypoparathyroidism”
A diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome is often made on the basis of a classic triad of symptoms: dryness of the mouth and eyes, fatigue, and pain. Systemic complications, which are present in 30 to 40% of patients, may provide the first clues to the disease.
Continue reading “2017 ACR–EULAR Classification Criteria for Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome”
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine defines insomnia as the subjective perception of difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate opportunity for sleep, and that results in some form of daytime impairment.
Continue reading “DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Insomnia”
The finding of hypercalcemia on routine biochemical testing or in the evaluation of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis is typically the initial clue to the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. The total serum calcium level, which combines both the free and albumin-bound components of circulating calcium, should be adjusted for the level of albumin. Measurement of ionized calcium may be useful in selected cases, such as in patients with hyperalbuminemia, thrombocytosis, Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, and myeloma; these patients may have elevated levels of total serum calcium, but normal levels of ionized serum calcium (artifactual hypercalcemia).
Continue reading “Guidelines for the Treatment of Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism”
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