Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability and mortality. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenia”
Vasospastic angina (VSA) is a variant form of angina pectoris, in which angina occurs at rest, with transient electrocardiogram modifications and preserved exercise capacity. VSA can be involved in many clinical scenarios, such as stable angina, sudden cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmia or syncope. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Vasospastic Angina (VSA)”
Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria were validated in an international cohort trial with a sensibility and specificity close to 82.9 and 84.4%, respectively. Continue reading “ASAS Categorization Criteria for Spondyloarthritis”
Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP), is a disorder of the microvasculature that generally affects the fingers and toes but can present on other extremities such as the nose, ears and nipples. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Primary Raynaud’s Phenomenon (RP)”
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiomyopathy that predominantly affects the right ventricle. With a prevalence in the range of 1:5000 to 1:2000 persons, ARVC is one of the leading causes of sudden cardiac death in young people and in athletes. Continue reading “Criteria for the Diagnosis of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)”
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder with unknown aetiology, affecting many organs including the eye and characterised by non-caseating granulomas. Continue reading “IWOS Criteria for the Diagnosis of Ocular Sarcoidosis (OS)”
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder mainly affecting the frontal and/or temporal lobes, leading to dementia with prominent behavioural and/or language disturbances. Symptom onset is most often between 45 and 65 years. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Behavioural Variant Frontotemporal Dementia”
Nasal polyps are benign inflammatory masses, arising from the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses. They are considered to be a subgroup of chronic rhinosinusitis, and clinical diagnosis is made on the basis of the presence of sinonasal symptoms for more than 3 months and the visualization of polyps in the nasal cavity. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps”
Inhalation injury can feature supraglottic thermal injury, chemical irritation of the respiratory tract, systemic toxicity due to agents such as carbon monoxide (CO) and cyanide, or a combination of these insults. The resultant inflammatory response may cause higher fluid resuscitation volumes, progressive pulmonary dysfunction, prolonged ventilator days, increased risk of pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Continue reading “Diagnosis of Inhalation Injury”
Tools for the diagnosis of GHD include auxology, radiographic assessment of bone age, measurement of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), provocative growth hormone (GH) testing, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and, in certain cases, genetic testing. Growth velocity and the degree of short stature are primary considerations in the decision to pursue evaluation for GHD. Continue reading “Criteria to Initiate Evaluation for Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD)”
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