Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland initially described over a century ago but of still incompletely defined etiopathogenesis. It is now considered the most common autoimmune disease, the most common endocrine disorder, as well as the most common cause of hypothyroidism.
Criteria
New Diagnostic Criteria of Adrenal Subclinical Cushing’s Syndrome
New diagnostic criteria and the treatment policy for adrenal subclinical Cushing’s syndrome (SCS) are proposed on behalf of the Japan Endocrine Society. The current diagnostic criteria for SCS have elicited two main problems: (i) the relatively low reliability of a low range of serum cortisol essential for the diagnosis by an overnight 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST); (ii) different cutoff values for serum cortisol after a 1-mg DST compared with those of other countries.
Criteria for Reporting Hantavirus
Hantaviruses can infect and cause serious disease in people worldwide. People get hantavirus from contact with rodents like rats and mice, especially when exposed to their urine, droppings, and saliva. It can also spread through a bite or scratch by a rodent, but this is rare.
Rosemont Criteria for Chronic Pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis is an irreversible disease of exocrine pancreas characterized by progressive destruction of pancreatic parenchyma and remodeling processes leading to the replacement of the exocrine parenchyma by extensive fibrosis. These changes result in malabsorption, diabetes mellitus and severe and chronic abdominal pain.
Moreover, it is possible the development of several complications which will determine the clinical course developing in some cases pancreatic pseudocyst (25-30%), bile duct strictures (40-50%), even pancreatic cancer (1-3%). The mainstay is detecting early pancreatic changes and treating its related complications.
Diagnostic Criteria for Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease (iMCD)
Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8)–negative, idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare and life-threatening disorder involving systemic inflammatory symptoms, polyclonal lymphoproliferation, cytopenias, and multiple organ system dysfunction caused by a cytokine storm often including interleukin-6. Accurate diagnosis is challenging, because no standard diagnostic criteria or diagnostic biomarkers currently exist, and there is significant overlap with malignant, autoimmune, and infectious disorders.
Diagnostic Criteria of Lipedema
Lipedema is a chronic progressive disease characterized by abnormal fat distribution resulting in disproportionate, painful limbs. It almost exclusively affects women, leading to considerable disability, daily functioning impairment, and psychosocial distress.
Diagnostic Criteria of Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
The Endocrine Society guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of Acute Adrenal Insufficiency (AAI) defines an adrenal crisis as a medical emergency with hypotension, abdominal symptoms and laboratory abnormalities requiring emergency treatment.
Diagnostic Criteria for Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Typically, peripartum cardiomyopathy occurs in the first 4 months postpartum; fewer than 10% of cases occur prepartum. Common symptoms include dyspnea, cough, orthopnea, hemoptysis, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Most affected patients have New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV function. Additional symptoms include nonspecific fatigue, malaise, palpitations, chest and abdominal discomfort, and postural hypotension. Diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion, because symptoms of peripartum cardiomyopathy can be confused with physiologic changes associated with advanced pregnancy.
Diagnostic Criteria for Cannabis Use Disorder
Cannabis use induces a variety of acute psychological and physiological effects that vary in intensity and duration according to the dose, the route of administration, and the degree of tolerance in the user. Acute psychological effects include euphoria (“high”), relaxation, and sedation (usually desired by persons who use cannabis recreationally), increased appetite (“munchies”) and impaired short-term memory, concentration, and psychomotor coordination. Some people experience increased anxiety, panic attacks, or paranoia, especially at higher doses. Psychotic symptoms, such as perceptual alterations, hallucinations, and delusions, are less common. Acute physical effects include impaired motor coordination, slurred speech, dry mouth, conjunctival injection (“red eye”), tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, and horizontal nystagmus. Smoked cannabis induces cough, wheezing, and dyspnea; increases sputum production; and exacerbates asthma.
Diagnostic Criteria for Catatonia
Catatonia has a complex presentation that is composed of multiple signs and symptoms, of which only three need to be present for diagnosis. It may be thought of as occurring with schizophrenia or with mania; however, patients in other settings with various general medical health conditions may develop an episode of catatonia. It is essential to identify catatonia early on for treatment to protect the patient from developing any further complications. A number of medical conditions can mask catatonia, delaying its treatment.