Alopecia areata is manifested as the loss of hair in well-circumscribed patches of normal-appearing skin, most commonly on the scalp and in the region of the beard. The onset is typically rapid, and the disease can progress to the point where all the hair is lost on the scalp (alopecia areata totalis) or even on the whole body (alopecia areata universalis).
criterios
Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy (DSPN)
The Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy (DSPN) is a symmetrical, length-dependent sensorimotor polyneuropathy attributable to metabolic and microvessel alterations as a result of chronic hyperglycemia exposure (diabetes) and cardiovascular risk covariates.
Diagnostic Criteria for Autistic Disorder
The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) provides standardized criteria to help diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs).
Classification for Chagas Cardiomyopathy
Chagas’ disease is caused by a protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, that is transmitted to humans through the feces of infected bloodsucking insects in endemic areas of Latin America, or occasionally by nonvectorial mechanisms, such as blood transfusion. Cardiac involvement, which typically appears decades after the initial infection, may result in cardiac arrhythmias, ventricular aneurysm, congestive heart failure, thromboembolism, and sudden cardiac death.
Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)
Classic chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is characterized by the occurrence of symmetrical weakness in both proximal and distal muscles that progressively increases for more than two months (setting this condition apart from the Guillain–Barré syndrome, which is self-limited). The condition is associated with impaired sensation, absent or diminished tendon reflexes, an elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein level, demyelinating nerve-conduction studies, and signs of demyelination in nerve-biopsy specimens. The course can be relapsing or chronic and progressive, the former being much more common in young adults.
Diagnostic Criteria for Cardiac Hepatopathy
Cardiac hepatopathy, hepatic injury caused by cardiac dysfunction, is a common entity but has been characterized incompletely, particularly the relationship between hemodynamics and histology.
Diagnostic Criteria for Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)
The Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) or Landry-Guillain-Barre-Strohl syndrome, also known as post-infectious polyneuropathy or acute idiopathic polyneuritis, is an acute acquired, frequently severe, monophasic autoimmune illness of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). GBS manifests itself with the clinical picture characterised by gait disturbance, pain, weakness, rapidly ascending symmetric flaccid muscle paralysis, areflexia with distal predominance (involving lower motor neuron), sensory disturbance, variable autonomic involvement, and increased cerebrospinal fluid protein without pleocytosis.
Criteria for Diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome (CS)
The evaluation of patients with suspected Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is complex and expensive, and the diagnosis is often a challenge for clinicians. Most patients initially suspected of having CS will not have this condition, and therefore efficient screening procedures are needed to identify the few patients who will need additional investigation in specialized centers.
Diagnostic Criteria for Tourette’s Syndrome
Tourette’s syndrome (sometimes called Tourette’s disorder) is a childhood-onset condition characterized by motor and vocal tics that are chronic (duration of >1 year).
Criteria for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is common and potentially life-threatening and needs a prompt assessment and aggressive medical management. All patients need to undergo endoscopy to diagnose, assess, and possibly treat any underlying lesion.