Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by the reactivation of a ubiquitous polyomavirus JC (JCV). PML was for many years a rare disease occurring only in patients with underlying severe impaired immunity.
diagnostico
Diagnostic Criteria for Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (sCJD)
Classic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a human prion disease. It is a neurodegenerative disorder with characteristic clinical and diagnostic features. This disease is rapidly progressive and always fatal. Infection with this disease leads to death, usually within 1 year of onset of illness. The criteria for clinical diagnosis plus the CSF real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) accurately identifies patients with sCJD (sensitivity 97%, specificity 99%).
Color Doppler Ultrasound Diagnosis of Varicocele
In accordance with Sarteschi, varicocele can be divided into five grades according to the characteristics of the reflux and its length, and to changes during Valsalva’s manoeuvre.
Diagnosis of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)
Two criteria must be diagnose AIHA: serologic evidence of an autoantibody and clinical or laboratory evidence of hemolysis. Serologic evidence of an autoantibody is provided by positive autocontrol and direct antiglobulin test (DAT, direct Coombs´ test) results and subsequent identification of an autoantibody in the RBC eluate and possibly the serum. Serum reactivity with autologous RBCs generally indicates the presence of an autoantibody, but it does not exclude the presence of an autoantibody.
Diagnostic Criteria for Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS)
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is characterized by dysregulation of the immune system due to an inability to regulate lymphocyte homeostasis through the process of lymphocyte apoptosis (a form of programmed cell death). The consequences of this include lymphoproliferative disease, manifested by lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and an increased risk of lymphoma, as well as autoimmune disease, typically involving blood cells.
Diagnostic Criteria for Thyroid Storm
Burch and Wartofsky have delineated a point system assessing degrees of dysfunction in various systems (thermoregulatory, central nervous, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular).
Diagnostic Criteria for Small Fibre Neuropathy (SFN)
Small fiber neuropathy manifests in a variety of different diseases and often results in symptoms of burning pain, shooting pain, allodynia, and hyperesthesia.
Diagnostic Criteria for Refractory Ascites
Refractory ascites is defined as ascites that does not recede or that recurs shortly after therapeutic paracentesis, despite sodium restriction and diuretic treatment.
Diagnostic Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)
Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis that develops in some people with the skin condition psoriasis. It typically causes affected joints to become inflamed (swollen), stiff and painful.
Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Hospital-Acquired (or Nosocomial) Pneumonia (HAP)
Acute nosocomial pneumonia is broadly defined as pneumonia characterized by a new and persistent infiltrate (radiographically present for greater than 48 hours) PLUS one of the following: