Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a brief but intense attack of inflammation (swelling) in the brain and spinal cord and occasionally the optic nerves that damages the brain’s myelin (the white coating of nerve fibers).
Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)”
Myocarditis may present with a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild dyspnea or chest pain that resolves without specific therapy to cardiogenic shock and death. Dilated cardiomyopathy with chronic heart failure is the major long-term sequela of myocarditis. Most often, myocarditis results from common viral infections; less commonly, specific forms of myocarditis may result from other pathogens, toxic or hypersensitivity drug reactions, giant-cell myocarditis, or sarcoidosis. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Myocarditis”
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is defined as the impairment of renal function and is measured as either a 25% increase in serum creatinine (SCr) from baseline or 0.5 mg/dL (44 umol/L) increase in absolute value, within 48-72 hours of intravenous contrast administration. Continue reading “Risk Factors for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN)”
Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular condition predisposing affected patients to stroke in association with progressive stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches. Continue reading “Guidelines for Diagnosis of Moyamoya Disease”
The muscle scale grades muscle power on a scale of 0 to 5 in relation to the maximum expected for that muscle.
Continue reading “Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale for Muscle Strength”
Neurofibromatosis 1 and neurofibromatosis 2 are autosomal dominant genetic disorders in which affected individuals develop both benign and malignant tumors at an increased frequency.
Continue reading “NIH Diagnostic Criteria for Neurofibromatosis”
Zollinger-Ellison (ZES) syndrome is characterized by gastric acid hypersecretion resulting in severe acid-related peptic disease and diarrhea. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES)”
Wilson’s disease is clinically characterised by hepatic and neurological manifestations related to the accumulation of copper in the liver and the lenticular nuclei, and by Kayser-Fleischer rings. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Wilson’s disease”
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis, is a rare form of vasculitis. In this disorder, small-sized blood vessels in the nose, sinuses, ears, lungs and kidneys become inflamed and damaged. Continue reading “Criteria for the Classification of Wegener’s Granulomatosis (WG)”
Diagnostic Criteria for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Common Causes of Vertigo
Otologic disorders
Neurologic disorders
Dix-Hallpike Maneover for Positional Nystagmus
| Peripheral disorder | Central disorder | |
| Latent period before onset of positional nystagmus | 2 to 20 seconds | None |
| Duration of nystagmus | Less than 1 minute | Greater than 1 minute |
| Fatigability | Fatiguing with repetition | Nonfatiguing |
| Direction of nystagmus | Only one type, usually horizontal/rotatory | May change direction with a given head position |
| Intensity of vertigo | Severe | Less severe, sometimes none |
References:
Created: Dic 23, 2005
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