nephrology – MedicalCRITERIA.com

Definition and Classification/Staging System for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

9 December, 2009 Guillermo Firman

In 2004, the ADQI group and representatives from three nephrology societies established the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN). Its intentions are to facilitate international, interdisciplinary and intersocietal collaborations and to ensure progress in the field of AKI, including the development of uniform standards for the definition and classification of AKI. As part of this process, the RIFLE nomenclature and classification was modified to a staging/classification system differentiating between AKI stage I, II and III. In addition, a 48-hour time window for the diagnosis of AKI was introduced to ensure that the process was acute.
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Definition and Characteristics of Bartter’s Syndrome

13 November, 2009 Guillermo Firman

Bartter’s syndrome is a rare disease that most often presents in the neonatal period or early childhood with polyuria, polydipsia, salt craving, and growth retardation. Blood pressure is normal or low. Metabolic abnormalities include hypokalemia, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, decreased urinary concentrating and diluting ability, hypercalciuria with nephrocalcinosis, mild hypomagnesemia, and increased urinary prostaglandin excretion.

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Indications of Dialysis in Renal Failure

19 June, 2009 Guillermo Firman

Indications of dialysis in acute renal failure (ARF)

Severe fluid overload
Refractory hypertension
Uncontrollable hyperkalemia
Nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, gastritis with hemorrhage
Lethargy, malaise, somnolence, stupor, coma, delirium, asterixis, tremor, seizures,
Pericarditis (risk of hemorrhage or tamponade)
bleeding diathesis (epistaxis, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, etc.)
Severe metabolic acidosis
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) > 70 – 100 mg/dl Continue reading “Indications of Dialysis in Renal Failure”

Guidelines for Urinary Indices in Acute Renal Failure (ARF)

12 June, 2009 Guillermo Firman

Guidelines for urinary indices whereby established Acute Renal Failure (ARF) can be distinguished from renal vasoconstriction with intact tubular function (prerenal azotemia).

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Risk Factors for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN)

4 April, 2009 Guillermo Firman

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is defined as the impairment of renal function and is measured as either a 25% increase in serum creatinine (SCr) from baseline or 0.5 mg/dL (44 umol/L) increase in absolute value, within 48-72 hours of intravenous contrast administration. Continue reading “Risk Factors for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN)”

RIFLE Criteria for Acute Renal Dysfunction

6 March, 2009 Guillermo Firman

RIFLE, a newly developed international consensus classification for acute kidney injury, defines three grades of severity
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Indications for Percutaneous Renal Biopsy

5 March, 2009 Guillermo Firman

Indications for percutaneous needle biopsy include

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Clinical Features of Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndrome

2 March, 2009 Guillermo Firman

Clinical Features of Nephrotic Syndrome

The nephrotic syndrome is a clinical complex characterized by:

proteinuria of >3.5 g per 1.73 m² per 24 h (in practice, >3.0 to 3.5 g per 24 h),
hypoalbuminemia,
edema,
hyperlipidemia,
lipiduria, and
hypercoagulability.

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Definition and Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

28 February, 2009 Guillermo Firman

NKF Definition of Chronic Kidney Disease

Kidney damage for three or more months, as defined by structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney, with or without decreased GFR, manifested by pathologic abnormalities or markers of kidney damage, including abnormalities in the composition of the blood or urine or abnormalities in imaging tests
GFR < 60 mL per minute per 1.73 m2 for three months or more, with or without kidney damage

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Diagnostic Criteria of Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

28 February, 2009 Guillermo Firman

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients with end-stage liver disease and advanced cirrhosis regardless of the underlying cause. Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), a functional form of kidney failure, is one of the many possible causes of AKI.

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