Cierny and Mader classified osteomyelitis based on the affected portion of the bone, the physiologic status of the host and the local environment. This classification lends itself to the treatment and prognosis of osteomyelitis; stage 1 (medullary osteomyelitis) can usually be treated with antibiotics alone, while stages 2, 3 and 4 (superficial, localized and diffuse osteomyelitis) usually require aggressive debridement, antimicrobial therapy and subsequent orthopedic reconstruction.
infeccion
Typical Serologic Course of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Infection
Since both clinically and biochemically, acute hepatitis due to HAV cannot be distinguished from that due to the other hepatitis viruses, serologic tests are necessary for a virus-specific diagnosis.
Serologic Testing for the Diagnosis of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection
The antigens and antibodies associated with HBV infection include HBsAg (Australia antigen) and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and antibody to HBcAg (anti-HBc), and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe). At least one serologic marker is present during the different phases of HBV infection.
Case Definition for Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection (Swine Flu)
After identification of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in Mexico, a case definition was developed. The initial definition of suspected novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection included any hospitalized patient with severe acute respiratory illness. On May 1, 2009, this definition was expanded to include any person with acute respiratory illness defined as fever and either sore throat or cough. On May 11, 2009, the definition of suspected case was changed again to include any person with:
Rochester Criteria for Identifying Febrile Infants at Low Risk for Serious Bacterial Infection
The Rochester criteria were developed to identify febrile infants aged 60 days or younger at low-risk of bacterial infection and do not include cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing.
Unexplained Fever in Young Children
Clinical and laboratory “low risk” criteria for children younger than 3 months with fever and no focus of infection
Clinical criteria
- Born at term (gestational age >/= 37 weeks)with uncomplicated nursery stay
- Previously healthy infants
- Notoxic manifestations
- No focal bacterial infection (except otitis media)