Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by the reactivation of a ubiquitous polyomavirus JC (JCV). PML was for many years a rare disease occurring only in patients with underlying severe impaired immunity.
Neurology
Diagnostic Criteria for Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (sCJD)
Classic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a human prion disease. It is a neurodegenerative disorder with characteristic clinical and diagnostic features. This disease is rapidly progressive and always fatal. Infection with this disease leads to death, usually within 1 year of onset of illness. The criteria for clinical diagnosis plus the CSF real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) accurately identifies patients with sCJD (sensitivity 97%, specificity 99%).
Electrodiagnostic Criteria for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)
These criteria are applied by testing the median, ulnar (stimulated below the elbow), peroneal (stimulated below the fibular head), and tibial nerves on one side of the body. During testing, limb temperature should be no less than 33°C at the palm and no less than 30°C at the external malleolus.
Diagnostic Criteria for Small Fibre Neuropathy (SFN)
Small fiber neuropathy manifests in a variety of different diseases and often results in symptoms of burning pain, shooting pain, allodynia, and hyperesthesia.
Clinical Criteria for Bell’s Palsy (Idiopathic Facial Nerve Paralysis)
Bell’s palsy is a peripheral palsy of the facial nerve that results in muscle weakness on one side of the face.
Criteria for Brain Death in Adults and Children
Physicians, health care workers, members of the clergy, and laypeople throughout the world have accepted fully that a person is dead when his or her brain is dead.
Diagnostic Criteria of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a brief but intense attack of inflammation (swelling) in the brain and spinal cord and occasionally the optic nerves that damages the brain’s myelin (the white coating of nerve fibers).
Guidelines for Diagnosis of Moyamoya Disease
Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular condition predisposing affected patients to stroke in association with progressive stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches.
Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale for Muscle Strength
The muscle scale grades muscle power on a scale of 0 to 5 in relation to the maximum expected for that muscle.
NIH Diagnostic Criteria for Neurofibromatosis
Neurofibromatosis 1 and neurofibromatosis 2 are autosomal dominant genetic disorders in which affected individuals develop both benign and malignant tumors at an increased frequency.