Diagnosis, Clinical Characteristics, and Treatment of Sarcoidosis

Diagnosis

  • Diagnosis of sarcoidosis is firm when chest radiographic evidence is accompanied by compatible clinical features and noncaseating granulomas on biopsy, with all other causes of granulomas ruled out.
  • Biopsy is indicated for all patients presumed to have sarcoidosis, except those with Löfgren’s syndrome.

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Clinical Features of Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndrome

Clinical Features of Nephrotic Syndrome

The nephrotic syndrome is a clinical complex characterized by:

  • proteinuria of >3.5 g per 1.73 m2 per 24 h (in practice, >3.0 to 3.5 g per 24 h),
  • hypoalbuminemia,
  • edema,
  • hyperlipidemia,
  • lipiduria, and
  • hypercoagulability.

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Diagnostic Criteria and Associated Features of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)

Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also called Willis-Ekbom Disease, causes unpleasant or uncomfortable sensations in the legs and an irresistible urge to move them.

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