Portal hypertension is the haemodynamic abnormality associated with the most severe complications of cirrhosis, including ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and bleeding from gastroesophageal varices. Variceal bleeding is a medical emergency associated with a mortality that, in spite of recent progress, is still in the order of 10–20% at 6 weeks. The evaluation of diagnostic tools and the design and conduct of good clinical trials for the treatment of portal hypertension have always been difficult.
criterios
Revised Diagnostic Criteria for Paraneoplastic Pemphigus (PNP)
Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare and life-threatening autoimmune bullous disease that classically occurs in the setting of an underlying neoplasm. PNP is also known as paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (PAMS) because of its varied mucocutaneous and systemic deleterious effects. Due to the variable disease characteristics and lack of formally accepted diagnostic criteria, PNP remains a diagnostic challenge for clinicians.
Revised Physical Diagnostic Criteria for Osteosarcopenic Obesity (OSO)
Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) syndrome describes the simultaneous deterioration of bone, muscle and excess fat, resulting in reduced functionality and systemic metabolic dysregulation. The key component contributing to this may be ectopic fat in the viscera, bone and muscle.
WHO Criteria for Diagnosis of Serrated Polyposis Syndrome (SPS)
Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) (previously hyperplastic polyposis) is defined by number and size of serrated polyps in the colon and rectum, but the definition is purely arbitrary and there is no known genotype.
SPS is associated with a high risk of colorectal cancer, not only in the affected patient, but also family members. The carcinogenesis can be rapid, with several series describing interval cancers occurring quickly.
Sydney Classification Criteria for Definite Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombotic and/or pregnancy morbidity associated with the presence of persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). There are many other clinical manifestations associated with persistent aPL (including immune thrombocytopenia, livedo reticularis, migraine, valvular heart disease and cognitive dysfunction).
Rome IV Diagnostic Criteria for Belching Disorders
Gas, bloating, and belching are associated with a variety of conditions but are most commonly caused by functional gastrointestinal disorders. These disorders are characterized by disordered motility and visceral hypersensitivity that are often worsened by psychological distress.
Rome IV Diagnostic Criteria for Nausea and Vomiting Disorders
Nausea is a subjective symptom and can be defined as an unpleasant sensation of the imminent need to vomit, typically experienced in the epigastrium or throat. Vomiting refers to the forceful oral expulsion of gastrointestinal contents associated with contraction of the abdominal and chest wall muscles.
Awaji Criteria for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
The Awaji recommendations for the use of electrodiagnostic studies in the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were proposed to enable earlier diagnosis of ALS to be achieved to meet an acknowledged need to obviate diagnostic delay.
KDIGO Criteria for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines address the definition, classification, and management of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Revised Diagnostic Criteria for Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)
Neurofibromatosis type 1, inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, is characterized by multiple café-au-lait macules (CALMs), skinfold freckling (more correctly termed lentiginous macules since they occur in non–sun exposed areas), iris Lisch nodules, tumors of the nervous system, and other features.