The diagnostic criteria for acute cholecystitis have high sensitivity (91.2%) and specificity (96.9%) and good diagnostic yield; therefore, their use as the diagnostic criteria for acute cholecystitis is recommended.
Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria and Severity Grading of Acute Cholecystitis (TG18)”
In 2000, IPF was defined as a specific form of chronic, progressive, fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown cause, occurring primarily in older adults and limited to the lungs. Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is the histopathological pattern of IPF. IPF is characterized by progressive worsening of dyspnea and lung function and is associated with a poor prognosis. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)”
Essential tremor is considered to be a tremor syndrome characterized by isolated bilateral upper-limb action tremor with a duration of at least 3 years, with or without tremor in other locations, such as head, larynx (voice tremor), or lower limbs.
Essential tremor frequently manifests with additional mild neurologic signs of diagnostic uncertainty, such as mild ataxia, questionably abnormal posturing of the limbs, or impaired memory. This presentation is classified as “essential tremor plus. Continue reading “Criteria for Essential Tremor”
Primary hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia resulting from the primary absence or deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH) or from the secretion of biologically inactive PTH. Continue reading “Diagnosis of Primary Hypoparathyroidism”
The pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) may be primary (idiopathic intracranial hypertension) or arise from an identifiable secondary cause. Characterization of typical neuroimaging abnormalities, clarification of normal opening pressure in children, and features distinguishing the syndrome of intracranial hypertension without papilledema from intracranial hypertension with papilledema have furthered our understanding of this disorder.
Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome (PTCS)”
Encephalitis is a severe inflammatory disorder of the brain with many possible causes and a complex differential diagnosis.
Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Autoimmune Encephalitis”
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by vascular thrombosis, complications during pregnancy, and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APL) in plasma. Continue reading “Revised Sapporo Criteria for Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)”
Acne is a primary inflammatory disorder involving the pilosebaceous unit. The pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving four key factors with interrelated mechanisms: increased sebum production, hyperkeratinization of the follicular infundibulum, inflammation, and Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes). Continue reading “Management of Acne Vulgaris”
Testing for H. pylori is recommended in patients with peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, or gastric mucosa–associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma). Other recommended indications for testing include dyspepsia, prolonged use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or aspirin, unexplained iron-deficiency anemia, and immune thrombocytopenia. Continue reading “Indications for Testing for Helicobacter pylori Infection”
The Lynch syndrome is the most common inherited syndrome associated with colorectal cancer, accounting for 3% of new diagnoses; it is also associated with extracolonic cancers, the most common of which is endometrial cancer.
The Lynch syndrome phenotype includes a propensity for cancers of the proximal colon, poor tumor differentiation with mucinous or signet-ring cell histologic features or a medullary growth pattern, abundant infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor, and synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancers. Continue reading “Guidelines for Diagnosis of the Lynch Syndrome”
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