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Diagnostic Criteria for Essential Thrombocytopaenia (ET)

8 March, 2009

Polycythemia Vera Study Group (PVSG) Diagnostic Criteria for Essential Thrombocytopaenia (ET)

All of the following criteria must be fulfilled to make a diagnosis of ET

  1. Platelet count greater than 600 x 109/L

  2. Hematocrit less than 40 or normal red blood cell mass

  3. Stainable iron in the marrow or normal RBC mean corpuscular volume (If these measurements suggest iron deficiency, polycythemia vera cannot be excluded unless a trial of iron therapy fails to increase the red blood cell mass into the polycythemic range.)

  4. No Philadelphia chromosome or bcr/abl gene rearrangement

  5. Collagen fibrosis of the bone marrow absent or less than one third of the biopsy area without both marked splenomegaly and a leukoerythroblastic blood film

  6. No cytogenetic or morphologic evidence for a myelodysplastic syndrome

  7. No cause for a reactive thrombocytosis

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Diagnostic Criteria for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

8 March, 2009

Diagnostic Criteria for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

  • Heparin exposure >5 days
  • Relative thrombocytopenia: decrease in platelet count by 50% from baseline OR absolute thrombocytopenia: decrease in platelet count to less than 100 to 150 x 109/L
  • Absence of other causes of thrombocytopenia
  • Development of new thrombosis, or extension of pre-existing thrombosis, while receiving heparin therapy
  • Confirmation by laboratory testing
  • Return to normal platelet count when heparin is discontinued Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)”

Diagnostic Criteria for Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)

8 March, 2009

Since specificity of Buerger’s disease is characterized by peripheral ischemia of an inflammatory nature and with a self-limiting course, diagnostic criteria should be discussed from clinical of view.

Several different criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of thromboangiitis obliterans:

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Criteria for the Classification of Takayasu Arteritis

8 March, 2009

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic large vessel vasculitis that affects aorta, its main branches and pulmonary arteries. The inflammatory process results in stenosis, occlusion, dilation or aneurysm formation in the arterial wall.

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1996 CDC Case Definition for Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)

8 March, 2009

Syphilis is a complex sexually transmitted disease that has a highly variable clinical course. Classification by a clinician with expertise in syphilis may take precedence over the following case definitions developed for surveillance purposes.

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Causes of Syncope

8 March, 2009

Cardiac causes

  • Structural cardiac or cardiopulmonary disease (aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, left atrial myxoma, aortic dissection, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, obstructive cardiomyopathy)

  • Cardiac arrhythmias (tachyarrhythmias, bradyarrhythmias)

  • Neurally mediated syncopal syndrome (includes neurocardiogenic or vasovagal syncope, carotid sinus syncope, and situational syncope)

  • Orthostatic (or postural) hypotension

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Diagnostic Criteria of Infarction in MRI of the Brain in Acute Stroke

8 March, 2009

Acute: Subtle low signal (hypointense) on T1, often difficult to see at this stage, and high signal (hyperintense) on spin density and/or T2-weighted and proton density-weighted images starting 8 h after onset; should follow vascular distribution. Mass effect maximal at 24 h, sometimes starting 2 h after onset, even in the absence of parenchymal signal changes. No parenchymal enhancement with paramagnetic contrast agent. Territorial intravascular paramagnetic contrast enhancement of “slow-flow” arteries in hyperacute infarcts; at 48 h, parenchymal and meningeal enhancement can be expected.

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Diagnostic Criteria of Infarction in CT Imaging of the Brain in Acute Stroke

8 March, 2009

Computed tomography (CT) is widely used for early evaluation of acute strokes. Most importantly, CT excludes acute hemorrhage or other diseases mimicking ischemia. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria of Infarction in CT Imaging of the Brain in Acute Stroke”

Criteria for Diagnosis of Still’s Disease

8 March, 2009

Yamaguchi criteria for classification of adult Still’s disease

Presence of 5 or more criteria, of which at least 2 are Major (96% sensitivity; 92% specificity)

Yamaguchi criteria for classification of adult Still’s disease
Presence of 5 or more criteria, of which at least 2 are Major (96% sensitivity; 92% specificity)

Major Criteria

  • Temperature of >39°C for >1 wk
  • Leukocytosis >10,000/mm3 with >80% PMNs
  • Typical rash
  • Arthralgias >2 wk

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The European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) Classification for Spondyloarthropathy (SpA)

8 March, 2009

According to the ESSG criteria, for a patient to be classified as having SpA, he or she has to satisfy one of two entry criteria: Inflammatory spinal pain OR synovitis that is either asymmetric or predominantly in the lower limbs.

  • Inflammatory back pain: Back pain is common among the general population. However, “inflammatory” back pain is much less common. Back pain is considered inflammatory if four of the following five criteria are found:

    1. Onset of back discomfort before the age of 40 years

    2. Insidious onset

    3. Persistence for at least three months

    4. Associated with morning stiffness

    5. Improvement with exercise

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