Recently developed consensus functional definitions on the basis of specific changes in the serum creatinine concentration and urine volume now complement anatomical approaches to diagnosis.
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Indications and Contraindications for ERCP in Patients with Acute Biliary Pancreatitis
Recent guidelines published by the American College of Gastroenterology suggest that urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (within 24 hours after admission) is indicated in patients with biliary pancreatitis who have concurrent acute cholangitis, but it is not needed in most patients who do not have evidence of ongoing biliary obstruction.
Clinical Criteria for the Diagnosis of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis
Acute bacterial sinusitis in children is diagnosed on the basis of the history, with the use of the criteria. Imaging studies (plain-film radiography, computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], and ultrasonography) show signs of sinus inflammation but are not recommended in patients with uncomplicated infection, given the low specificity of these studies.
Criteria for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is common and potentially life-threatening and needs a prompt assessment and aggressive medical management. All patients need to undergo endoscopy to diagnose, assess, and possibly treat any underlying lesion.
The Glasgow-Blatchford Bleeding Score (GBS) for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
The Glasgow Blatchford Score (GBS) is a pre-endoscopic risk assessment tool for patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (UGIH). It can predict need for intervention or death and identifies low risk patients suitable for out-patient management.
Signs and Symptoms of Acute Radiation Sickness
Acute radiation sickness can be categorized into three phases: prodrome, latency, and illness. The Table, summarizes the constellation of hematologic, gastrointestinal, and neurologic symptoms, along with the time to onset and dose dependence, associated with each of these phases.
Diagnostic Criteria of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a brief but intense attack of inflammation (swelling) in the brain and spinal cord and occasionally the optic nerves that damages the brain’s myelin (the white coating of nerve fibers).
Clinical Criteria for Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) Orders in Acute Stroke
A DNR order may be written any time that two of the following clinical criteria are present and the prognosis has become clear for and shared whenever possible between physician(s), patient, and family (or appropriate surrogate).
RIFLE Criteria for Acute Renal Dysfunction
RIFLE, a newly developed international consensus classification for acute kidney injury, defines three grades of severity
Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Pharyngitis
Adults
Clinical suspicion of streptococcal pharyngitis (e.g., fever, tonsillar swelling, exudate, enlarged/tender anterior cervical lymph nodes, absence of cough or coryza) with
- History of rheumatic fever or
- Documented household exposure or
- Positive rapid strep screen