Vaginal infections affect a woman’s quality of life by causing frustration, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, and vulvovaginal discomfort. Continue reading “Diagnostic Findings in Vaginal Secretions”
Vaginal infections affect a woman’s quality of life by causing frustration, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, and vulvovaginal discomfort. Continue reading “Diagnostic Findings in Vaginal Secretions”
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized by stem cell-derived clonal myeloproliferation that is often but not always accompanied by JAK2, CALR or MPL mutation, abnormal cytokine expression, bone marrow fibrosis, anemia, splenomegaly, extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), constitutional symptoms, cachexia, leukemic progression and shortened survival. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF)”
Essential Thrombocytosis (ET) is the only chronic myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) without a specific phenotype. Because isolated thrombocytosis can be the initial clinical manifestation of polycythemia vera (PV), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), or chronic myelogenous leukemia, ET is not only a diagnosis of exclusion, it should also not be considered a single disease entity. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria for Essential Thrombocytosis (ET)”
Common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVIDs) are the most frequent symptomatic primary immune deficiency condition in adults. The genetic basis for the condition is not known and no single clinical feature or laboratory test can establish the diagnosis; it has been a diagnosis of exclusion. In areas of uncertainty, diagnostic criteria can provide valuable clinical information. Continue reading “New Diagnostic Criteria for Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID)”
Semen analysis is the most important investigation of male subfertility. This is not a test for fertility but a guide for minimal standards of adequacy. What constitutes a ‘normal’ result has been a matter of debate, and recently the WHO normal ranges for semen parameters have changed.
Continue reading “WHO Normal Reference Ranges for Semen Quality”
Since the first cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reported in the United States in 1981, surveillance case definitions for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (the cause of AIDS) and AIDS have undergone several revisions to respond to diagnostic advances. Continue reading “Revised Surveillance Case Definition for HIV Infection”
The revised clinical staging and immunological classification of HIV are designed to assist in clinical management of HIV, especially where there is limited laboratory capacity. Continue reading “WHO Immunological Classification for Established HIV Infection”
Patients with testicular cancer most frequently present with a painless testicular mass. The initial work-up includes a history and physical exam, cross-sectional imaging of the retroperitoneum, chest x-ray, and serum levels of AFP, hCG, and LDH. Continue reading “Biochemical Markers in Testicular Cancer”
This guideline provides global, evidence-informed recommendations on a number of specific issues related to the management of severe acute malnutrition in infants and children, Continue reading “Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants and Children”
First introduced in 1989, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most widely utilized medications worldwide, both in the ambulatory and inpatient clinical settings. The PPIs are currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the management of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders including symptomatic peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and nonulcer dyspepsia as well as for prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients receiving antiplatelet therapy. Continue reading “Approved Indications for Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)”
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