Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new concept proposed in 2020. Unlike non-alcoholic fatter liver disease (NAFLD), the diagnosis of MAFLD requires the presence any of the following 3 metabolic risks, including overweight/obesity, presence of diabetes mellitus, and evidence of metabolic dysregulation.
Disease
Case Definition for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified pathogen and it is assumed there is no pre-existing human immunity to the virus. Initial seroconversion, including neutralizing antibodies, has been documented and there is some evidence that immunity to SARS-CoV-2 re-challenge during early convalescence is likely.
New Diagnostic Criteria Proposed for Polycystic Kidney Disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited cause of kidney disease. Enlarging cysts within the kidneys are the clinical hallmark of the disease. Renal manifestations include varying degrees of kidney injury, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and hematuria. Extrarenal manifestations can include pain, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, hepatic cysts, intracranial aneurysm, diverticulosis, and abdominal and inguinal hernias.
Prevention of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)
There is currently no vaccine to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19).
The best way to prevent illness is to avoid being exposed to this virus.
Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)
During the initial phase of the Covid-19 outbreak, the diagnosis of the disease was complicated by the diversity in symptoms and imaging findings and in the severity of disease at the time of presentation.
Revised Diagnostic Criteria of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease (VKHD)
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD) is a bilateral, chronic granulomatous panuveitis associated with central nervous system, auditory, and integumentary manifestations.
Lennard-Jones Diagnostic Criteria of Crohn’s Disease (CD)
Once the clinical suspicion is established, the diagnosis is based on the combination of clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, histological and/or radiological criteria.
Diagnosis and Severity Criteria for Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome/Veno-Occlusive Disease in Children
Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD) is a life-threatening complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) that belongs to a group of diseases increasingly identified as transplant-related, systemic endothelial diseases. In most cases, SOS/VOD resolves within weeks; however, severe SOS/VOD results in multi-organ dysfunction/failure with a mortality rate >80%.
Helicobacter pylori Infection in Peptic Ulcer Disease
Endoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease. Apart from exclusion of malignant disease, detection of H pylori infection with histology or rapid urease tests is essential to the subsequent treatment plan.
Revised Criteria for Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) charged a workgroup with the task of developing criteria for the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), referred to in this article as mild cognitive impairment due to AD.