Plasma cell neoplasms including multiple myeloma (MM) and related terminally differentiated B-cell neoplasms are characterized by secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulin and stepwise development from a preneoplastic clonal B and/or plasma cell proliferation called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Diagnosis of these disorders requires integration of clinical, laboratory, and morphological features.
Multiple
The 2017 McDonald Criteria for Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
The 2017 McDonald criteria continue to apply primarily to patients experiencing a typical clinically isolated syndrome, define what is needed to fulfil dissemination in time and space of lesions in the CNS, and stress the need for no better explanation for the presentation.
Revised IMWG Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Myeloma
This International Myeloma Working Group consensus updates the disease definition of multiple myeloma to include validated biomarkers in addition to existing requirements of attributable CRAB features (hypercalcaemia, renal failure, anaemia, and bone lesions).
Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), an accepted method of quantifying disability in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) consists of an eight-function system scale monitoring motor, sensory, cerebellar, brain stem, visual, bowel and bladder, pyramidal and other functions.
McDonald Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
What Is An Attack?
- Neurological disturbance of kind seen in MS
- Subjective report or objective observation
- 24 hours duration, minimum
- Excludes pseudoattacks, single paroxysmal episodes
Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Myeloma
Presence of an M-componenta in serum and/or urine plus clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow and/or a documented clonal plasmacytoma.
Knaus Criteria for Multiple System Organ Failure (MSOF)
Multiple systems organ failure is said present when more than one of the system dysfunctions detected by test values exceeding the threshold values.
Diagnosis of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
The multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are rare autosomal-dominant conditions that predispose affected individuals to benign and malignant tumors of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, endocrine pancreas, paraganglia, or nonendocrine organs.