In contrast to macroadenomas, for which therapy is routinely indicated, microadenomas do not always require treatment. For patients with microadenomas who do not have these indications, symptoms and prolactin levels can be monitored, and MRI can be used to follow the size of the tumor.
Continue reading “Indications for Therapy and for Neurosurgery in Patients with Prolactinomas”
Thyroiditis refers to a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the thyroid gland. With the help of historical information, a physical examination and diagnostic tests, physicians can classify the type of thyroiditis and initiate appropriate treatment.
Continue reading “Clinical Manifestations of Thyroiditis Subtypes”
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ADH release (SIADH) is a condition defined by the unsuppressed release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland or nonpituitary sources or its continued action on vasopressin receptors. Continue reading “Criteria for Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)”
Definite PND
Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria of Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorder (PND) of the CNS”
A- Hyperandrogenism
o Steroidogenic enzyme deficiencies
§ Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
§ Aromatase deficiency
o Androgen-secreting tumors
§ Ovarian
§ Adrenal
o Exogenous androgens
§ Anabolic steroids
§ Transsexual hormone replacement
o Other
§ Acne
§ Idiopathic hirsutism
Continue reading “Syndromes or Disease Entities That Have Been Associated with Polycystic Ovaries”
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive-aged women. This syndrome is predominantly characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, hyperandrogenism, and characteristic findings on pelvic ultrasound. Women with PCOS also frequently suffer from metabolic dysfunction, obesity, infertility and are at an increased risk of pregnancy complications and long-term cardiovascular disease. Continue reading “Diagnostic Criteria in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)”
The metabolic syndrome refers to the co-occurrence of several known cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension. These conditions are interrelated and share underlying mediators, mechanisms and pathways. Continue reading “Criteria for the Metabolic Syndrome”
The multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are rare autosomal-dominant conditions that predispose affected individuals to benign and malignant tumors of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, endocrine pancreas, paraganglia, or nonendocrine organs.
Continue reading “Diagnosis of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes”
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