The diagnosis of infective endocarditis is generally based on clinical, microbiologic, and echocardiographic findings. The Duke criteria have sensitivity and specificity of more than 80% and are the reference criteria for diagnosis.
cardiology
Diagnostic Criteria for Diastolic Heart Failure
Diastolic heart failure is defined as a condition caused by increased resistance to the filling of one or both ventricles; this leads to symptoms of congestion from the inappropriate upward shift of the diastolic pressure-volume relation.
Clinical Conditions Associated with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
DIC represents a continuum in clinical-pathological severity, characterised by the increasing loss of localisation or compensated control in intravascular activation of coagulation.
Diagnostic Criteria for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a condition in which small blood clots develop throughout the bloodstream, blocking small blood vessels. The increased clotting depletes the platelets and clotting factors needed to control bleeding, causing excessive bleeding.
ATP III Classification of LDL, Total, HDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides
ATP III Classification of LDL, Total, HDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides (mg/dL)
Cardiovascular Major Risk Factors
Cardiovascular Major Risk Factors
Common Diagnostic Criteria for Left and Right Atrial Abnormalities
Left Atrial Abnormality
- Prolonged P wave duration of >120 msec in lead II
- Prominent notching of the P wave, usually most obvious in lead II, with an interval between the notches of >40 msec (p mitrale)
- Ratio between the duration of the P wave in lead II and the duration of the PR segment of >1.6
- Increased duration and depth of the terminal negative portion of the P wave in lead V1 (the P terminal force) so that the area subtended by it exceeds 0.04 mm-sec (Morris index)
- Leftward shift of the mean P wave axis to between -30 and +45 degrees
Braunwald Classification of Unstable Angina (UA)
A classification has been proposed by Braunwald to facilitate the assignation of patients to a particular risk group. This classification takes into account the severity of symptoms, the clinical circumstances surrounding the anginal episode, and the intensity of treatment.
Criteria for Chronic Stable Refractory Angina
The criteria for chronic stable refractory angina were defined by Mannheimer and colleagues in 2002 as a chronic condition characterized by the presence of angina caused by coronary insufficiency in the presence of coronary artery disease which cannot be controlled by a combination of medical therapy, angioplasty and coronary bypass surgery. The presence of reversible myocardial ischemia should be clinically established to be the cause of the symptoms. Chronic is defined as a duration of more than 3 months.
Classification and Severity of Angina
Class I
No angina with ordinary physical activity (e.g., walking, climbing stairs). Angina with strenuous or prolonged exertion.
Class II
Early-onset limitation of ordinary activity (e.g., walking rapidly or walking >2 blocks; climbing stairs rapidly or climbing >1 flight); angina may be worse after meals, in cold temperatures, or with emotional stress.