The Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) staging system for lung cancer is an internationally accepted system used to characterize the extent of disease. The TNM system combines features of the tumor into disease stage groups that correlate with survival and are linked to recommendations for treatment.
Indications and Contraindications for Liver Transplantation
Survival rates after liver transplantation have improved steadily because of earlier referral and timely evaluation, judicious patient selection, improved surgical techniques, superior immunosuppressive regimens, and effective prevention of perioperative opportunistic infections. Indications and contraindications for liver transplantation are undergoing constant modifications with the goal of improving survival and functional status of patients who have end-stage liver disease or acute liver failure. Potential candidates for liver transplantation should meet minimal listing criteria and not have contraindications to liver transplantation.
King´s College Hospital Criteria for Liver Transplantation in Fulminant Hepatic Failure
In acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure, survival correlated with arterial blood pH, peak prothrombin time, and serum creatinine–a pH less than 7.30, prothrombin time greater than 100 s, and creatinine greater than 300 mumol/L indicating a poor prognosis.
Histological Scoring System for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Components of NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) and Fibrosis Staging
Child-Pugh Classification of Severity of Liver Disease
Modified Child-Pugh classification of severity of liver disease according to the degree of ascites, the plasma concentrations of bilirrubin and albumin, the prothrombin time, and the degree of encephalopathy.
Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar)
Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum/Leishmania chagasi are responsible for most of the cases of visceral leishmaniasis.
Diagnostic Criteria and Associated Features of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also called Willis-Ekbom Disease, causes unpleasant or uncomfortable sensations in the legs and an irresistible urge to move them.
Definition and Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
NKF Definition of Chronic Kidney Disease
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Kidney damage for three or more months, as defined by structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney, with or without decreased GFR, manifested by pathologic abnormalities or markers of kidney damage, including abnormalities in the composition of the blood or urine or abnormalities in imaging tests
- GFR < 60 mL per minute per 1.73 m2 for three months or more, with or without kidney damage
Diagnostic Criteria for Kawasaki Disease (KD)
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a childhood vasculitis affecting the medium-sized muscular arteries, mainly the coronary arteries. The hallmark of KD is fever lasting 5 days or more, counting the day of fever onset as day 1, in addition to 4 or 5 of the principal clinical criteria: cracking of lips or strawberry tongue, nonpurulent conjunctivitis, rash, erythema and edema of the hands and feet, and large unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy.
Pharmacokinetics of Insulin Preparations
Each insulin preparation has a different pharmacokinetic profile, i.e., onset, peak effect, and duration.