Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

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Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus

  1. 50-g oral glucose load, administered between the 24th and 28th weeks, without regard to time of day or time of last meal. Universal blood glucose screening is indicated for patients who are of Hispanic, African, Native American, South or East Asian, Pacific Island, or Indigenous Australian ancestry. Other patients who have no known diabetes in first-degree relatives, are under 25 years of age, have normal weight before pregnancy, and have no history of abnormal glucose metabolism or poor obstetric outcome do not require routine screening.
  2. Venous plasma glucose measure 1 hour later.
  3. Value of 130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L) or above in venous plasma indicates the need for a full diagnostic glucose tolerance test.

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Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

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Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.

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DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive Episode

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A. Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.

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GOLD Staging System for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD) Severity

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The European Respiratory Society (ERS) diagnostic criteria for COPD include the following symptoms: coughing, sputum production and/or dyspnoea, as well as a history of exposure to risk factors for COPD. The diagnosis is confirmed by a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.7 in spirometry, as sign of the airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.

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FOUR Score for Comatose Patients

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The Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) score provides greater neurological detail than the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), recognizes a locked-in syndrome, and is superior to the GCS due to the availability of brainstem reflexes, breathing patterns, and the ability to recognize different stages of herniation.

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Revised Criteria for Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (Lynch Syndrome)

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Amsterdam Criteria (1991)

Three or more relatives with colorectal cancer, plus all of the following:

  • One affected patient should be a first-degree relative of the other two;

  • Colorectal cancer should involve at least two generations;

  • At least one case of colorectal cancer should have been diagnosed before the age of 50 years.

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